Part Number: 13500. Bulletin 038. 22Our market analysis draws on our multi-commodity capabilities across nickel, ferroalloys and steel to provide an in-depth examination of stainless steel flat products globally. Step 1: Choose Meter Type. The following table shows JIS SS400 material properties, including density and specific gravity, melting point, specific heat capacity, electrical resistivity, elastic modulus, thermal conductivity, linear expansion coefficient, Young’s modulus, magnetic permeability, etc. The making of steel involves many processes and stages. This issue can be overcome with annealing. k. 237 in, thickness tolerance 12. 81 m/s 2: Calculation. 33 for each. Therefore, the K factor remains constant. Dry Torque) Partially Lubricated Bolts; Properly Lubricated Bolts; But before we talk about these items, or get to our torque chart, it is imperative you understand the working definition of K-Factor (or “Nut Factor”). A common example of this is austenitic stainless steel/ferritic steel pipe butt joints used in energy-conversion plants. 141). Grade 301 Temper ASTM. It has excellent resistance to intergranular corrosion after exposure to temperatures in the chromium carbide precipitation range of 800–1500°F (427– 816°C). S. 1 ~ 1. 33 K factor 0. Note 1: The bend radius you select may not be available if the geometry of the part will not allow us to bend with the specific tooling required to achieve that radius. General Instructions A leak tight 1/2 in. View Product. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. by：East King 2020-08-30. itic stainless steel that is molybdenum alloyed for enhanced corrosion resistance in chloride environments. 33 K factor 0. 2 in. 1 lists ferrous and nonferrous metalRelated Resources: materials Specific Heat Capacity of Metals Table Chart. 6 times the aluminum plate. MATERIAL, BEND RADII AND MINIMUM BEND SIZE CHARTS. An average and commonly used value for the K-factor is 0. Lead- and nickel-free anti-seize paste used to reduce wear and optimize friction of threaded fasteners, or other metal-to-metal joints, enabling nondestructive dismantling, even after long exposure to high temperatures. The K-factor is the most popular way of calculating the bend allowance and bend deduction, but there are multiple ways that this calculation can be done. Stainless Steel Stainless steel is a family of iron-based alloys that must contain at least 10. 2 bar (60 psi) maximum PRESSURE END CONNECTION 1/2" BSPT (1/2” NPT Optional) K-FACTOR K-42 Standard (K-2. The TYCO Series TY-FRB, 5. 33: 0. Always verify product details with the technical data sheet and consult. Recycled steel 1kg = 0. d = Pitch Diameter (m) K Df = Nut Friction Diameter (m) μ = oefficient of Friction Fastener Material Coefficient of Friction (μ) K-Factor 304 Stainless Steel 0. Our free online sheet metal bending calculator enables you to rapidly determine the crucial parameters in sheet metal bending calculations, such as the K-factor, Y-factor, bend allowance, bend deduction, arc length, and unfolding flat size. 0015 : 0. K-factor (centrifugation), relative pelleting efficiency. The letter t denotes this rotation of the neutral axis in Figure 2. The two main frictions used are static friction and kinetic friction. 079 0. 4301). Show advanced filters Hide advanced filters. 84. The coefficient of friction between the bolthead (or nut) and its mating surface. 300 series stainless steel applications include: Food & beverage industry. Time-dependent stress corrosion cracking is. HD MV Nozzle is UL Listed, FM Approved, and also carries Lloyds Type Approval. 85. K = t Mt K = t M t t = neutral axis, Mt= Material Thickness The Material thickness is pretty self. I. mild steel 0. Includes additional data and reference information carefully selected and adapted. Step-3: Value of Bend Deduction and Flat pattern are shown in Result Section. The K factor formula is K factor = /T. 1994, ISBN: 978-0-87170-503-7. 0. K-factor (aeronautics), the number of pulses expected for every one volumetric unit of fluid passing through a given flow meter. C. 550 is well-suited for most maintenance needs. 33 to . 0. 6 K-factor, Upright (TY315) and Pendent (TY325) Sprinklers are intended for fire protec-tion systems designed in accordance with the standard installation rules recognized by the applicable Listing or Approval agency. °K-1. The pressure drop calculations are based on the D'Arcy-Weisbach Equation with the following parameters: Pipe : Steel Pipe - Schedule 40. We use cookies to enhance your experience. 2 mil per year on Type 316L stainless steel in aluminum-zirconium process first cycle. This chart is for reference only – you should always verify your process for better results. The TYCO Series TY-B, 5. where . The tensile, fracture, and fatigue crack growth properties of 316L stainless steel (SS) produced using the selective laser melting (SLM) technique were evaluated and compared with those of conventionally manufactured (CM) austenitic SSs. The scope ranges from process metallurgy and metal forming to materials engineering, process control and testing. 6mm (24- gauge), weighing about 136 tonnes. r = relative roughness. AISI 304 Stainless Steel (UNS S30400) AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. Concrete (Wet) Rubber. Sustainable building with Stainless steel - The David L. If we know the Reynolds number and the roughness - the friction coefficient - λ - in the particular flow can be calculated. 14 8. Under the relatively light load of 0. Fanning Friction Factor. 33: K factor:. 8. 8 Steel BZP 0. 40. At exactly the same torque level of 24 foot pounds, variations between 4500 pounds and 6700 pounds are experienced. The heat transfer coefficient is the proportionality coefficient between the heat flux and the thermodynamic driving force for the flow of heat (i. where: BA = bend allowance. K = 0. The table at. Bolting torque to develop 50% Bolt Yield Stress at Nut Factor, K=0. 062). 3 in. Home > Technical Reference > Engineer’s Reference > Roughness Values-Darcy-Weisbach Equation (Colebrook-White)Stainless Steel. The. Conductive heat transfer per unit area can be calculated as. 098 0. If your bend radius needs to be adjusted, a member of Engineering & Design Services team will contact you before your design is. com Get a Quote: [email protected] = 0. 33 K factor 0. AISI 304 stainless steel (UNS S30400) is the most commonly used material in stainless steels, and is usually purchased in an annealed or cold worked state. Typically used in aerospace, petrochemical applications, pulp and paper machines, and food productions. F f = frictional force (N, lb). Stainless steel sprinkler joins Viking’s wide selection of corrosion resistant sprinkler options including “Electroless Nickel PTFE” (ENT) plated sprinklers, which are available throughout a significant portion of the Viking sprinkler product line. Knowing the k-factor formula is essential in order to bend any kind of sheet metal correctly; in fact, it varies according to the type of material to be deformed. Ultra-high strength-to-weight ratio. H = Differential Head (m). See More Items from this Family (3)We would like to show you a description here but the site won’t allow us. 166: S-440-X: 4-40. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. •G is the geometry factor •qis the thermal conductivity integral. breaking torque; A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A2-70 A4-80 A1-50 A1-70R-value. 8 Square Head;. 7 C). K-Factor is the ratio of the neutral axis to the material thickness. Stainless steel 1kg = 6. 5% chromium and usually nickel, and may also contain other elements, such as carbon, to obtain the desired properties. 4. Seat: Copper UNS-C11000 and Stainless Steel UNS-S30400 Belleville Spring Sealing Assembly: Nickel Alloy, coated on both sides with PTFE Tape Compression Screw: Stainless Steel. The bend allowance describes the length of the neutral axis between the bend lines, or in other words, the arc length of the bend. For steel members, a slenderness ratio below 50 can be considered “short”. Davis. 2 U. Monel is typically much more expensive than stainless steel. UHMW. I. 5. Stainless steel is the term used to describe a versatile family of engineering materials, which are selected primarily for their corrosion and heat resistant properties. Contains molybdenum which increases corrosion resistance to chlorides and phosphates. 34. The S-N curve indicates the sum of the load changes that can be endured until a material is fractured. All stainless steels contain a minimum of 10. They are available with aluminum or copper windings and in all three temperature rise ratings. It is difficult to perform cold working in grade 330 stainless steel as the steel has high strength and work hardening rate. 15. This is defined as the length of the neutral fibre from the beginning to the end of the arc generated by the bend. The K-factor is the ratio of the neutral axis position to the total material thickness. CTE 15. sliding (slip between surfaces) where μ s is the coefficient of static friction and μ k is the coefficient of kinetic friction. 001 −0. d = 0. (5-6 mm) thick material Note: Because thinner gauges of stainless steel are generally used, the force required to shear stainless steel for a given part is often comparable to the force needed to shear a similar part made of thicker carbon steel. Max PSI. 3. 5 max) serves as a control figure in sheet metal bending calculation. 5mm up to 6. 0. The effect of this minimum level creates a chromium oxide layer on the surface, which is a self-healing oxygen barrier that stops further oxidation. The spring bacK-Factor, commonly denoted by Ks, is the relation between the initial and final angles. In materials science, fracture toughness is the critical stress intensity factor of a sharp crack where propagation of the crack suddenly becomes rapid and unlimited. There is a direct relationship between sheet metal bend allowance and the K-factor. 25 to 0. They also have excellent toughness and can be used in the food, marine, chemical and architectural fields. Steel Grades; Steel Pipes; Cast Iron; Ductile Iron; Polyethylene Plastic; Polyurethane Plastic; Stainless Steel. The term “schedule” refers to the minimum wall thickness of the steel pipe. h l = Head Loss (m/100 m). Conductive Heat Transfer through a Stainless Steel Pot Wall with thickness 2 mm - temperature difference 80 o C. Stainless steel 304 has good resistance to oxidation in intermittent service up to 870°C and in continuous service to 925°C. 2) Technical Data Sheet. Metric K-factor shown is for use when pressure is measured in bar. 0. 16. 0. As a result, carbon steel, which contains little chromium, is harder, but. Δ p f f = 10 ⋅ 673. 20% for various metals, is popular among engineers. Mathematically k factor value is equal to the ratio of position of neutral axis and sheet thickness. While the sheet metal’s inner surface contracts, the exterior expands. Table 2 - Mechanical properties of 301 grade stainless steel. Features a 3/4 inch NPT (20 mm BSPT) thread size and 8. Please note that because of the variation in roughness in these materials depending on the source, the roughness values reported here have uncertainties ranging from ± 20 % for new wrought Iron to ± 70 % for riveted steel. 2 (16. 33 in practical use and at my shop they use as small as 0. We’ve designed parts with a 0. The value of the K-factor is influenced by the material properties and. 5 - 7. 35. Stainless steel roof: • S30400 stainless steel • Measuring: 280 × 96m • Sheathed with 23,000m2 of 0. For high-strength, low-alloy, and stainless steels, 1,800 pounds of pressure per lineal inch should be used. 4016 is a very popular and versatile grade of stainless steel. K-factor Calculator. The K-factor is used to determine the length of the metal plate stretched during the bending process. K factor is the ratio between the distance between the inside radius of the bend and the neutral axis to the sheet thickness. Configure the press or other folding tool with your desired tooling and make a 90 degree fold on the bend line. ) Tightening Torque Clamp Load (lbs. 4(28) for iron pipe or equivalent rigid pipe, in Table 402. rates of 0. 15 K = 0. ANTI-SEIZE Stainless does not contain copper and exhibits extremely low sulphur and chlorine. (K-factor). 50 to 0. 70 *10-6/K. 28 r/d=0. 3, we will take the min value 0. To specify a stainless steel enclosure for an aluminum-wound transformer, substitute the letter “S” in the fifth character of the GE product number. Grade 301 Temper ASTM. 1 ftH2O/100 ft = 0. How much material will be needed to create said bend? We already have all the information we need to calculate it from the bend allowance formula. 4 be calculated asThe equation for Darcy friction factor is given below, Hf = 4fLv2/2gD. Sheet Metal Bending Calculator. 17 found in seemingly identical fasteners here results in a substantial clamp load variation. 04 0. AISI 316 Stainless Steel (UNS S31600) AISI 316 stainless steel (UNS S31600) is the second most commonly used austenitic stainless steel. The material thickness (T), bending angle (A), inner bending radius (R), and K-factor of the. Roughness (mm) Drawn Tubing, Glass, Plastic. Both fasteners are stainless steel. tR = tF + 459. 15 Material Iron metal Steel Steel kg 1. I founded this site back in 2011 intending to provide solutions to various engineering and programming problems. For exact calculations - always check manufacturing data. In 2001, Rasmussen et al. 304 Stainless Steel. The four types stainless steels used in this study were SUS410 (t = 3. The conductive heat transport through the layered wall can be calculated asGage Factor 2. Portuguese / português. 0. The Machinability is mainly affected by: Carbon (C): 0. 0. The nozzle has an external deflector that discharges a uniformly filled cone of medium velocity water droplets. With the K-factor, the BA is equal to the following: BA = { [ (π ÷ 180) x Ir] + [ (π ÷ 180) x K-factor] x Mt} And the metal sheet has a thickness T = 5 mm T = 5\ \text{mm} T = 5 mm and K-factor K = 0. f = Friction Factor. Bend allowance chart for SECC (galvanized steel sheet). Response. For SLM, both single melt (SM) and checker board (CB) laser scanning strategies were. 100 0. 286 lb/in3), melting point is 1400-1450 °C (2550-2650 °F), thermal conductivity is 16. K-factor= [Multiplier × (Inside Radius/Material Thickness)] + Minimum K-factor. 6 (8. Enter the area of contact, A = 1. K-Factor 1000 PPG (291 PPL) (2) K-Factor 100 PPG (26 PPL) (2) K-Factor 2500 PPG (660 PPL) (2) K-Factor 215PPG (57 PPL) (2) 2M Cable, 8 Blade CD4MCU Stainless Steel Rotor (2). In general, a material with a large k is a good heat. The deduction is 1. SS 304 is non-magnetic under annealing conditions, but after cold working (such as stamping, stretching, bending, rolling), part of the. 304 Stainless Steel 7/16” 74. Choose the check mark to use a gauge table. Data Tables Table 2. 5 to 16. Water - Thermal Conductivity vs. EOS StainlessSteel 316L for EOS M 290 | 40 µm Process Information. Overall heat transfer coefficient is expressed as W/m2 °C or kcal/h, m2 °C. Table 8: Sample Torque Calculation with varying K Factor. The effective length (K) factor of a member in compression is dependent on the support conditions at each end. 09 r/d<0. 77 Material Iron metal Steel Steel r. Base part number is shown. and has many uses in pressure vessels, pumps and valves, pinions, shaft gears, ball studs, screws, general purpose profile steel, automotive parts, oil and gas industry, aerospace, and bike frame, etc. Insert the convective heat transfer coefficient for inner surface, h i = 10 W/m 2 ⋅ K. 6. Here is how you can calculate this answer: Find the volume (in m3) of the 12 mm steel rod using the cylinder volume formula: V = π⋅d2⋅l/4 = π⋅ (12×10-3)2⋅12/4 = 1. An air to air plate exchanger with area 2 m 2 and wall thickness 0. 65% max), silicon (0. It is the thermal resistance of unit area of a material. 0, 115 metric. 301 stainless steel is an austenitic grade that can be supplied in various hardness and strengths. 998. *The TYCO Series TY-L 5. A K-Factor will typically range between 0 and . Stainless steel prevents rusting because of its composition. K – constant. steel research international is a metallurgy journal for the research and development of steel and related materials. Inside temperature in the exchanger is 100 o C and outside temperature is 20 o C . 20 4 0. 7 333 8 in-lbs 10 in-lbs 858 18 in-lbs 20 in-lbs 27 in-lbs 1228 25 in-lbs 29 in-lbs 39 in-lbs 1436 29 in-lbs 34 in-lbs 45 in-lbs 5 0. Using the data as input in our bend allowance calculator, we obtain: T = K D F/12. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. 33 K factor 0. The diagram below indicates friction loss for water flow through ASME/ANSI B36. They depends on fluid velocities, viscosities, conditions of the heating surfaces, size of the temperature differences and so on. A – bend angle in deg. To enhance its properties, alloying elements can be added to steel. Generally, when design the sheet metal parts, the min inner R=thickness/2, if less than that, the grooving (V-cutting) will be required to solve the. 13 - Stainless steel Martensitic, Quenched & Tempered: 1875: 272: 0. For a PVC pipe with absolute roughness k = 0. 5 for standard materials and thicknesses though smaller and larger K-Factors are. 11 to 0. Corrosion fatigue crack growth for many systems occurs only above a certain threshold stress intensity factor Δ K th. It is a function of the materials' frictional characteristics, which are based on surface finish, coatings and so on. A slenderness ratio greater than. You will need to obtain the friction factor (f) from the Moody chart or use a suitable equation depending on the flow conditions. The. . Nominal K-Factor: 8. Traditionally, the wear of materials has been characterized by weight loss and wear rate. The below Microsoft Excel chart is for even numbered gauges 8 through 24 and has a default K-Factor of . [10, 11]. r. The coefficient of static friction for steel is around 0. 3. upright (ty3151) and pendent (ty3251) 5. ) F = target preload (lb) NOTE: do not confuse this with bolt yield point or yield strength. 0 ±5% 2. One item of note: The K factor found in the "Machinists Handbook" (Industrial Press Inc. Abstract. Connection Type. 2 W/m·K at 100 °C (9. Achieving Proper Bolt Torque: An Introduction to K-Factor. K Factor in sheet metal bending is a constant used to calculate sheet metal flat length or Flat-pattern. You’ve found the k-factor. A key factor here is the relatively low Hall–Petch slope of this. 20 Ecoguard K = 0. Our Passivation and Pickling services include the following main processes: Stainless steel pickling, stainless steel passivation, and carbon steel pickling. The constant volume law governs the bending process, the bend material particles distribution, and deformation types are also crucial for this process. 12 = Torque Applied (Nm) = Tension Generated in Fastener (N) = Nut Nominal olt Diameter (m) = K-Factor 2. 2. 316 Stainless Steel Offers excellent corrosion resistance, even more than 18-8 stainless steel. . /25 mm Safe practices and proper installation are imperative to the performance of the Swagelok tube fitting, especially in critical applications. 3 to SDR 26), PVC (Schedule 40, 80, and CL100 to CL315), Stainless Steel (Schedule 5s, 10s, 40s), Steel (Schedule 40,80,160) and more. The capacity factor is determined through experience and for each application it is influenced by the type and style of mist eliminator, the relative geometry of mist eliminator to vapor flow, as well as process considerations such as operating pressure, fluid viscosities and liquid surface tension. 44 psi/100ft = 9. 4(32) for corrugated stainless steel tubing, and. You can easily modify the Material Thickness, Inside Radius, and K-Factor for each thickness at the top of each column. 3 - 1. 1 mil per year were observed on Types 304L and 348 stainless steels and 0. 5% Ni, and also known as 18-8 stainless steel. Specifically, the k-factor value is the neutral axis’ new position after bending, marked “t” in Figure 1, divided by the material thickness (k-factor = t/Mt). Although, reliable sources (mentioned at the reference section) has been used for compiling the above COF table but still the values shown are approximate only. Ferritic Stainless Steel (T430) 0. A typical value of the K factor varies between . Stainless Alloy 17-7PH: 11. However, the washer is normally flat by. . This study provides comparative durability data for K wires made. The below Excel chart is for even-numbered material gauges 8 through 22 and has a default K-Factor of . 2% to 2. factor (kg CO2eq per unit) Uncertainty Conversion Gas GWP GWP CH4 kg 0%25. Monel alloy 400 has a specific gravity of 8. 6. 81. Prefix- (S)Steel - (CLS)Stainless Steel. The torque values are approved for spiral wound graphite. The main factor causing pitting corrosion is the breakdown of the passivity layer (i. The CTE employs reciprocal temperature units (K-1, °F-1, °C-1, etc. 15 and the coefficient of kinetic friction is around 0. The value of k is 0. ) who originally posited it as = where represents the applied true stress on the material, is the. 0 Nominal K Factor S. It has been proven. Design Gasket Factors 96. 2 ext { m}^2 A= 1. tK = tC + 273. 6 8. [Stainless steel 735 ] 25. K-ZSTZ – – 155°F/68°C 175°F/79°C 286°F/141°C 155°F/68°C 286°F/141°C 2 For K-Factor when pressure is measured in Bar, multiply S. There’s a lot that goes into this value and various factors that affect it, many of which we covered. 3-0. r = k / d h (1) where. Microform Precision, LLC 4244 South Market Court, Suite A Sacramento, CA 95834 Phone: (916) 419-0580 Fax: (916) 419-0577 Email: [email protected] A36 Steel 3/8” less than 50 53. 0 (115) Download Bulletin. The inside radii are based off of a standard Air Bend Force Chart. Above all, it becomes essential to make sure that you’re shopping for it from an eligible fabricator. 1 shows the specific wear rates w s and wear coefficients K observed in unlubricated sliding for AISI 1045 carbon steel rings and pins [48]. 0 mm), SUS445 (t = 0. 1 \text { mm} 2. 35 . In a part, click Insert > Sheet Metal > Bend Table > New. 2 5.